What Causes Bleeding Gums?
Bleeding gums are a symptom which is commonly associated with gum disease. However, bleeding gums can also suggest the presence of other health issues. Some patients experience bleeding gums from wearing dentures which do not fit or from using too much pressure while brushing. When patients frequently experience gum bleeding, however, it may suggest the presence of a serious condition such as periodontitis or gum disease, leukemia, a vitamin deficiency, or low platelets.
Bleeding gums are usually a result of dental issues or poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis and periodontitis are forms of gum disease which cause increased sensitivity of the gums. This can also lead to gums which bleed.
Gingivitis occurs when plaque slowly accumulates over time near the gum line. Plaque is comprised of debris and bacteria. It is an incredibly sticky substance which can typically be removed with regular brushing. Good oral hygiene also aids in preventing cavities. When patients neglect to properly remove plaque through twice daily brushing and daily flossing, it can harden into tartar. Tartar is incredibly challenging to remove without professional intervention. Once tartar forms on the teeth, it can increase bleeding and cause the early stage of gum disease called gingivitis. Below are some of the most common signs of gingivitis:
- Bleeding gums
- Swollen, puffy gums
- Tenderness of the mouth and gums
Periodontitis is the more advanced form of gum disease and often occurs when patients fail to properly treat gingivitis. Periodontal disease is infection present in the gums, jawbone, and tissues that connect the teeth and gums. When periodontitis advances and becomes severe, it can cause the teeth to become loose or fall out.
Some patients who experience bleeding gums are deficient in vitamin C or K. Doctors are able to check for the patient’s vitamin levels and determine if there is a deficiency. It is important for patients to consume a nutritious and well-balanced diet.
Foods which are rich in vitamin C include the following bell peppers, broccoli, citrus fruits and juices, potatoes, strawberries, and tomatoes. Foods which are a good source of vitamin K include watercress, kale, lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard, mustard greens, olive or canola oil, and soybeans.
Patients with dentures commonly notice their gums are more prone to bleeding. Dentures which do not fit properly are especially harmful to the gums and result in bleeding. Patients should follow up with their dentist or orthodontist they wear dentures or another type of appliance experience bleeding. In some cases, the dental professional can make adjustments to improve the fit of the device.
Pregnancy is another common cause for bleeding gums is there are many hormonal changes which take place. These hormonal changes can specifically result in sensitive gums. Another possible culprit for bleeding gums can be bleeding disorders such as hemophilia or leukemia. Some patients also experience more frequent bleeding when taking a blood-thinning medication.
It is important to ensure that anyone who is experiencing bleeding gums is practicing good oral hygiene. Good oral hygiene includes brushing the teeth at least twice each day, daily flossing, and regular visits to the dentist. Visits to the dentist will include a professional cleaning and thorough exam. If you are experiencing bleeding gums, follow up with your dentist right away. Once the cause is determined, the dentist can ensure the issue is properly treated to avoid long-term issues.